一、什么是三次油氣回收注：本文只對(duì)加油站油氣回收做相關(guān)闡述，其他行業(yè)（油庫(kù)油氣回收、煉油廠油氣回收、化工裝置油氣回收、鶴管油氣回收、船岸油氣回收等等）油氣回收請(qǐng)參照相應(yīng)規(guī)范及要求。加油站油氣回收處理裝置的工作原理主要包括一次油氣回收、?二次油氣回收和三次油氣回收。?一次油氣回收主要在卸油過(guò)程中進(jìn)行，?通過(guò)壓力平衡原理，?將油罐車(chē)卸油時(shí)產(chǎn)生的油氣收集到油罐車(chē)內(nèi)，?避免油氣排放到大氣中。?這一過(guò)程通過(guò)密閉方式實(shí)現(xiàn)，?確保加油站和罐車(chē)的油罐處于常壓狀態(tài)。?二次油氣回收則是在加油過(guò)程中，?通過(guò)特別設(shè)計(jì)的油槍和配套的真空泵，?將汽車(chē)油箱內(nèi)的汽油油氣回收到加油站油罐內(nèi)。?這一過(guò)程利用真空輔助式油氣回收設(shè)備，?確保加油過(guò)程中油氣被有效回收，?減少向大氣的排放。?三次油氣回收是對(duì)儲(chǔ)油罐內(nèi)的油氣進(jìn)行處理，?當(dāng)儲(chǔ)油罐內(nèi)的油氣壓力達(dá)到啟動(dòng)條件時(shí)，?油氣回收設(shè)備啟動(dòng)，?將油氣轉(zhuǎn)化為液態(tài)并回收到集液罐或儲(chǔ)油罐中。?

　　1、 What is tertiary oil and gas recovery? Note: This article only elaborates on gas station oil and gas recovery. For other industries (oil depot oil and gas recovery, refinery oil and gas recovery, chemical plant oil and gas recovery, crane pipe oil and gas recovery, ship shore oil and gas recovery, etc.), please refer to the corresponding specifications and requirements for oil and gas recovery. The working principle of the gas station oil and gas recovery and treatment device mainly includes primary oil and gas recovery, secondary oil and gas recovery, and tertiary oil and gas recovery. A primary oil and gas recovery is mainly carried out during the unloading process, using the principle of pressure balance to collect the oil and gas generated during the unloading of the oil tanker into the tanker, avoiding the emission of oil and gas into the atmosphere. This process is achieved in a sealed manner to ensure that the oil tanks of gas stations and tankers are at atmospheric pressure. Secondary oil and gas recovery is the process of using specially designed oil guns and matching vacuum pumps to recover gasoline and gas from the car's fuel tank into the gas station's tank during refueling. This process utilizes vacuum assisted oil and gas recovery equipment to ensure effective recovery of oil and gas during refueling, reducing emissions to the atmosphere. Triple oil and gas recovery is the process of treating the oil and gas in the storage tank. When the oil and gas pressure in the storage tank reaches the starting conditions, the oil and gas recovery equipment starts, converting the oil and gas into liquid and recovering it into the collection tank or storage tank. ?

　　二、油氣回收設(shè)備設(shè)施安全要求1、真空泵加油站油氣回收真空泵所使用的電機(jī)必須符合防爆標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，達(dá)到EXdIIBT4級(jí)別以上。電機(jī)外觀必須清晰明了，標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)醒目，不得磨損、缺失或模糊。真空泵采用防爆型材料制作，防爆型材料具有優(yōu)異的防爆性能。在加油站油氣回收真空泵中，還需加裝防爆裝置。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，防爆裝置采用壓力釋放式防爆門(mén)或干燥型隔離器，當(dāng)電機(jī)內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生火花或靜電放電時(shí)，防爆裝置能夠及時(shí)采取措施，確保泵體內(nèi)部氣體被保持在安全范圍內(nèi)。

　　2、 Safety requirements for oil and gas recovery equipment and facilities: 1. The motor used in the vacuum pump for oil and gas recovery at the gas station must meet explosion-proof standards and reach EXdIIBT4 level or above. The appearance of the motor must be clear and distinct, with prominent markings that are not worn, missing, or blurry. The vacuum pump is made of explosion-proof materials, which have excellent explosion-proof performance. Explosion proof devices need to be installed in the vacuum pump for oil and gas recovery at gas stations. Generally speaking, explosion-proof devices use pressure release explosion-proof doors or dry isolators. When sparks or electrostatic discharge occur inside the motor, the explosion-proof device can take timely measures to ensure that the gas inside the pump body is kept within a safe range.

　　2、加油槍帶有油氣回收的加油槍與普通加油槍都有本質(zhì)的區(qū)別，內(nèi)部構(gòu)造很精密、很復(fù)雜。工作中嚴(yán)禁摔、碰撞、拆卸加油槍，加油槍密封圈要保證完好，加油時(shí)要注意檢查油槍封氣罩是否破損。1） 加油槍要避免碰撞、敲擊，只能用干布擦拭，并經(jīng)常保持清潔。2） 加油時(shí)應(yīng)該按正規(guī)步驟由低檔位開(kāi)至高檔位。3） 油槍槍管處的槍罩要完全罩住汽車(chē)油箱口，以免降低油氣回收效率。4）加油完畢后，在取出油槍前，應(yīng)將油槍稍微停留片刻或輕輕抖動(dòng)油槍，把槍管內(nèi)的殘油流出，之后再把油槍取出并掛槍。5）非專業(yè)人員，不得拆卸、維修油槍及配件。3、拉斷閥拉斷閥也稱脫離器，它是在加油槍管受到不當(dāng)外力拉扯時(shí)自動(dòng)斷開(kāi)并切斷油路、氣路的裝置。日常加油時(shí)不要人為故意大力拉拽或旋扭，如有意外拉斷事件發(fā)生，要盡量收集斷開(kāi)后所散落的零件、不要丟棄，并及時(shí)通知廠家進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。嚴(yán)禁使用不同品牌配件混搭使用。4、加油槍管油氣回收膠管不同于普通膠管，不論哪個(gè)品牌都是內(nèi)外兩層，不同的品牌內(nèi)部構(gòu)造和安裝方式也有所不同。1）不要用力拉扯、碾壓加油槍管。2）加油槍管不得落在加油島以外的地面上。3）嚴(yán)禁壓、折膠管；嚴(yán)禁車(chē)輛對(duì)膠管進(jìn)行碾壓。4）如果膠管發(fā)生斷裂，要及時(shí)更換。5）如果發(fā)生壓、折或碾壓事件，但外觀上無(wú)法判斷膠管內(nèi)部是否斷裂，請(qǐng)及時(shí)通知廠家派人進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。6）嚴(yán)禁使用不同品牌配件混搭使用。5、油氣分離器油氣分離器的主要作用是將回收的氣路和油路分離，是油氣回收非常重要的部件。除發(fā)現(xiàn)油氣分離器處滲油情況外，加油站操作人員不要輕易拆卸、更換。

　　2. The refueling gun with oil and gas recovery has essential differences from ordinary refueling guns, as its internal structure is very precise and complex. It is strictly prohibited to drop, collide, or disassemble the fuel gun during work. The sealing ring of the fuel gun must be kept intact, and when refueling, attention should be paid to checking whether the sealing cover of the fuel gun is damaged. 1) The fuel gun should avoid collisions and impacts, and can only be wiped with a dry cloth and kept clean regularly. 2) When refueling, you should follow the proper steps to shift from low gear to high gear. 3) The gun cover at the barrel of the oil gun should completely cover the fuel tank opening of the car to avoid reducing the efficiency of oil and gas recovery. 4) After refueling, before removing the oil gun, the oil gun should be held for a moment or gently shaken to drain the residual oil from the barrel. Then, the oil gun should be removed and hung. 5) Non professionals are not allowed to disassemble or repair oil guns and accessories. 3. Pull off valve, also known as a release device, is a device that automatically disconnects and cuts off the oil and gas circuits when the refueling gun barrel is pulled by improper external forces. Do not intentionally pull or twist during daily refueling. In case of accidental breakage, try to collect the scattered parts after disconnection, do not discard them, and promptly notify the manufacturer for recovery. It is strictly prohibited to mix and match accessories from different brands. 4. The oil and gas recovery hose for refueling gun barrels is different from ordinary hoses. Regardless of the brand, it has two layers inside and outside, and the internal structure and installation methods of different brands are also different. 1) Do not forcefully pull or crush the fuel barrel. 2) The refueling gun barrel shall not fall on the ground outside the refueling island. 3) It is strictly prohibited to press or fold the rubber hose; Vehicles are strictly prohibited from crushing rubber hoses. 4) If the hose breaks, it should be replaced in a timely manner. 5) If there is a crushing, folding or crushing event, but it is impossible to determine whether the inside of the hose is broken on the appearance, please notify the manufacturer to send someone for inspection in a timely manner. 6) It is strictly prohibited to mix and match accessories from different brands. 5. The main function of the oil and gas separator is to separate the recovered gas path and oil path, and it is a very important component for oil and gas recovery. Gas station operators should not easily disassemble or replace the oil separator unless oil leakage is found.

　　6、墊片、閥門(mén)加油機(jī)、工藝管線、儲(chǔ)油罐、通氣管共同構(gòu)成密閉的油氣回收系統(tǒng)，日常接、卸油品、量油過(guò)程中要注意墊片、閥門(mén)的密封。

　　6. Gaskets, valves, refueling machines, process pipelines, oil storage tanks, and ventilation pipes together form a closed oil and gas recovery system. During daily oil receiving, unloading, and measuring processes, attention should be paid to the sealing of gaskets and valves.

　　1）帶有油氣回收的加油機(jī)內(nèi)，有很多銅質(zhì)管線和接口，長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行有可能導(dǎo)致其松動(dòng)、漏氣，并形成安全隱患，加油時(shí)若發(fā)現(xiàn)有較大油氣味，要立即停機(jī)檢查，可用防爆工具緊固松動(dòng)接口螺母，若找不到泄漏點(diǎn)要及時(shí)停機(jī)報(bào)修。2） 加油機(jī)進(jìn)行油氣回收整體改造后，為確保系統(tǒng)的密閉性，應(yīng)對(duì)加油機(jī)部分二次回收設(shè)備及管路進(jìn)行密閉檢測(cè)。7、集液罐集液罐是為了避免管線產(chǎn)生液阻，而設(shè)置的必要設(shè)施。正常運(yùn)行時(shí)平時(shí)要使其上部閥門(mén)處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常檢查罐內(nèi)液位，為確保油氣回收設(shè)備安全有效運(yùn)行，當(dāng)罐內(nèi)積液達(dá)到200mm時(shí)必須用手搖泵將其抽凈。如集液罐內(nèi)油品異常增多，應(yīng)及時(shí)通知加油機(jī)廠家到站排查原因。

　　1) There are many copper pipelines and interfaces in the fuel dispenser with oil and gas recovery. Long term operation may cause looseness, air leakage, and pose a safety hazard. If a strong oil smell is found during refueling, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection. Explosion proof tools can be used to tighten the loose interface nuts. If the leakage point cannot be found, the machine should be stopped in time for repair. 2) After the overall renovation of the fuel dispenser for oil and gas recovery, in order to ensure the airtightness of the system, the secondary recovery equipment and pipelines of the fuel dispenser should be inspected for airtightness. 7. Liquid collection tank is a necessary facility set up to avoid liquid resistance in pipelines. During normal operation, the upper valve should be kept closed. Regularly check the liquid level in the tank. To ensure the safe and effective operation of the oil and gas recovery equipment, when the accumulated liquid in the tank reaches 200mm, it must be pumped out with a hand pump. If there is an abnormal increase in oil in the collection tank, the fuel dispenser manufacturer should be notified promptly to investigate the cause at the station.

　　三、油氣回收安全操作注意事項(xiàng)安全操作：在使用油氣回收設(shè)備之前，確保熟悉設(shè)備的操作手冊(cè)和安全規(guī)程。遵循正確的操作程序，使用個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備，如手套、護(hù)目鏡等，確保人員的安全。

　　3、 Precautions for safe operation of oil and gas recovery: Before using oil and gas recovery equipment, ensure familiarity with the equipment's operation manual and safety regulations. Follow the correct operating procedures and use personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, etc. to ensure the safety of personnel.

　　設(shè)備檢查：在每次使用之前，檢查設(shè)備是否完好無(wú)損。確保所有管道、閥門(mén)和接口連接緊密，并且沒(méi)有泄漏現(xiàn)象。檢查電氣設(shè)備是否正常工作，如電源、開(kāi)關(guān)等。

　　Equipment inspection: Before each use, check whether the equipment is intact and undamaged. Ensure that all pipelines, valves, and interfaces are tightly connected and free from leaks. Check if electrical equipment is working properly, such as power supplies, switches, etc.

　　清潔維護(hù)：保持設(shè)備的清潔是重要的，特別是對(duì)于油氣回收設(shè)備中的濾網(wǎng)和過(guò)濾器。定期清理或更換濾網(wǎng)，以確保設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行和油氣回收效果。

　　Cleaning and maintenance: Keeping equipment clean is important, especially for the filters and screens in oil and gas recovery equipment. Regularly clean or replace the filter screen to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and the effectiveness of oil and gas recovery.

　　定期保養(yǎng)：按照設(shè)備制造商提供的維護(hù)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行定期維護(hù)。這可能包括更換零部件、潤(rùn)滑設(shè)備、校準(zhǔn)儀器等。定期維護(hù)可以延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備的壽命并確保其性能穩(wěn)定。

　　Regular maintenance: Conduct regular maintenance according to the maintenance plan provided by the equipment manufacturer. This may include replacing parts, lubricating equipment, calibrating instruments, etc. Regular maintenance can extend the lifespan of equipment and ensure its stable performance.

　　正確處理廢料：油氣回收設(shè)備會(huì)產(chǎn)生廢料，如廢油、廢水等。必須根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境法規(guī)，采取適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚矸椒ā４_保廢料的正確處置，不對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染。

　　Proper disposal of waste: Oil and gas recovery equipment will generate waste materials such as waste oil, wastewater, etc. Appropriate disposal methods must be taken in accordance with local environmental regulations. Ensure proper disposal of waste materials without causing pollution to the environment.

　　安全培訓(xùn)：對(duì)使用油氣回收設(shè)備的人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，使其熟悉設(shè)備的操作和注意事項(xiàng)。確保所有使用者都有相關(guān)的操作手冊(cè)，并能隨時(shí)查閱和遵循。

　　Safety training: Train personnel using oil and gas recovery equipment to familiarize them with the operation and precautions of the equipment. Ensure that all users have relevant operation manuals and can refer to and follow them at any time.

　　定期檢查：定期檢查油氣回收設(shè)備的性能和工作狀態(tài)。這可以幫助及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決潛在問(wèn)題，確保設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行和高效工作。

　　Regular inspection: Regularly check the performance and working condition of oil and gas recovery equipment. This can help identify and resolve potential issues in a timely manner, ensuring the normal operation and efficient functioning of the equipment.

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